Engrossment
From the House Guide to Legislative Process and the Congressional Research ServiceWhen either house orders the third reading of a bill, it simultaneously orders the engrossment of the bill. Engrossment is the formal reprinting of the bill in the form upon which the chamber will vote final passage. (In earlier times, such bills were handwritten in very large script, hence the term “engrossment.”)
The preparation of a copy of the bill in the form in which it has passed the House is sometimes a detailed and complicated process because of the large number and complexity of amendments to some bills adopted by the House. Frequently these amendments are offered during a spirited debate with little or no prior formal preparation. The amendment may be for the purpose of inserting new language, substituting different words for those set out in the bill, or deleting portions of the bill. It is not unusual to have more than 100 amendments, including those proposed by the committee at the time the bill is reported and those offered from the floor during the consideration of the bill in the Chamber. Some of the amendments offered from the floor are written in longhand and others are typewritten. Each amendment must be inserted in precisely the proper place in the bill, with the spelling and punctuation exactly the same as it was adopted by the House.
Obviously, it is extremely important that the Senate receive a copy of the bill in the precise form in which it has passed the House. The preparation of such a copy is the function of the enrolling clerk. There is an enrolling clerk in each House. In the House, the enrolling clerk is under the Clerk of the House. In the Senate, the enrolling clerk is under the Secretary of the Senate. The enrolling clerk receives all the papers relating to the bill, including the official Clerk's copy of the bill as reported by the standing committee and each amendment adopted by the House. From this material the enrolling clerk prepares the engrossed copy of the bill as passed, containing all the amendments agreed to by the House.
At this point, the measure ceases technically to be called a bill and is termed "an act" signifying that it is the act of one body of the Congress, although it is still popularly referred to as a bill. The engrossed bill is printed on blue paper in the house (white paper in the Senate) and a certificate that it passed the House of Representatives is signed by the Clerk of the House.
If either chamber later discovers errors in one of its engrossed measures, it must pass a resolution formally requesting the other chamber to return the engrossed bill or resolution to it for correction.